Let’s just say, it is one of those type of banks where you shouldn’t keep your money. Of course, that’s easy to figure out in hindsight.
But there’s also a good enough reason why scheduled commercial banks like Yes Bank and Lakshmi Vilas Bank were saved by RBI faster than scheduled co-operative banks like Punjab and Maharashtra Co-operative (PMC) Bank. Unlike commercial banks, multi-state (Punjab, Maharashtra) co-operative banks do not completelycome under the ambit of RBI, thus resulting in delays and frozen accounts.
In any case, the sufferer is always the Indian saver.
However, that’s not what today’s post is about.
Today’s post is about the finer nuances of a fintech vying to become (or partner with) a bank.
After RBI failed to save PMC Bank, depositors were getting impatient. 19 months have elapsed and 15% of depositors are yet to get back their money (due to curbs on withdrawal limits)
Remember, the DICGC scheme, which guarantees ₹5L per bank per depositor, will only kick in if the bank is liquidated or its membership cancelled by RBI, either of which was not done for PMC. Imagine the plight of those who had to wait for a deep-pocketed knight in shining armour to withdraw their own money.
Being helpless, RBI put the bank under the charge of an administrator who invited applications from institutions wishing to rescue the bank. Four potential suitors arrived, out of which three fizzled out. A 50-50 joint application from BharatPe and Centrum remained.
Yesterday, RBI put out a notification granting an approval to Centrum’s NBFC arm to set up a Small Finance Bank. This will finally pave the way for a merger between Centrum and PMC.
As this is a 50-50 joint application with BharatPe (a fintech payment company not associated with Centrum), they too, will indirectly get a banking license now.
Amidst the cheer, it’s important to ask the hard questions as well:
However, even in Centrum’s own press release, BharatPe’s involvement as an “equal partner” is clearly mentioned.
Note: BharatPe is not an NBFC. It partners with other NBFCs/banks to source funds, which it lends to its merchants. As a FinTech company, it has shown remarkable growth, beating the likes of heavyweights such as PhonePe and PayTM in the merchant UPI QR space (You cannot transfer money between friends using BharatPe). To understand more about it’s fascinating journey and the exact niche it has built for itself, I recommend reading the following links:
Once the merger is complete, the new entity (Centrum + PMC) should be up and running and by the fourth quarter of this year, the rest of the depositors should get back their money.
Equity to the tune of $250-300 million will be pumped into the new bank, contributed equally by both BharatPe and Centrum.
There will be new management, led by Centrum’s lead man, Jaspal Bindra, who has prior experience of running a bank.
Here’s what I think: While this is a landmark step, it will not act as a true measure of how a Fintech-turned-bank will perform (because of Centrum’s involvement). In reality, across the world, FinTechs have realised that banking (or lending) is a completely different ballgame and success as a FinTech company may not automatically guarantee success in the field of banking. (Navi is a good example of this)
On the other end, if this merger does end up succeeding, it is important for RBI to acknowledge BharatPe’s involvement if we really want their success to pave the way for future FinTechs.
What do banks think about FinTech?
Now that we have established the significance (and demand) for a FinTech to become a bank, how does the opposite party feel about them?
I take a peek at a few analyst conference transcripts for some banks and note down the current trends. To avoid crossing the email length limit, we’ll stick with Federal Bank today.
Federal Bank
Whenever I think of Federal Bank and FinTech, I get reminded of this tweet:
Recall that I mentioned BharatPe sources funds from other banks to lend to its merchants. Now we know Federal is one of them.
How does Federal benefit?
I’ve highlighted the relevant portions from the analyst call:
The key takeaway is that transaction history (which BharatPe has a lot of) can provide a lot of information about a merchant, which Federal can utilise to cross-sell a lot of other things, like insurance and short-tenure micro loans.
Of course, good banks like Federal will always remain cautious of such opportunities. As per their CEO, this is what he had to say when asked how soon Federal will start cross-selling:
This is not surprising, as digital lenders had suffered a huge setback due to Covid. Some of them have gross NPAs as high as 10-20% (for comparison, Federal Bank has a gross NPA of 3.41% and a net NPA of 1.19%) but we rarely get to know about them as they’re not listed and not mandated to disclose anything.
Let’s hope BharatPe proves the critics wrong and sets a new path for growth of tech-driven banking.
That’s all for this week!
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Great post! Used to work at Fi, realized just how much Federal benefits from forging these partnerships. As a bank, they get to stay ahead of the curve by enriching their customer datasets and learning from integration efforts w diff fintech players solving for diff verticals.
Great post! Used to work at Fi, realized just how much Federal benefits from forging these partnerships. As a bank, they get to stay ahead of the curve by enriching their customer datasets and learning from integration efforts w diff fintech players solving for diff verticals.
Great research man! Thanks for putting so much effort into this :)